In the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 congress
specified the types of income that are excludedThe
following payments shall be excluded as income for supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP):purposes. The following payments
shall be excluded as income:
(A) Any gain or benefit
that is not in the form of money payable directly to the assistance group including
in-kind benefits. In-kind benefits are those for which no monetary payment is made
on behalf of the assistance group and include meals, clothing, public housing, or
produce from a garden.
(B) Payments made to
a third party on behalf of the assistance group are included or excluded as income
as follows:
(1) Public assistance, including disability financial assistance (DFA), vendor
payments are counted as income unless they are made for medical assistance, child
care assistance, energy assistance as defined in paragraph (I)(4) of this rule,
emergency assistance (including, but not limited to housing and transportation payments)
for migrant or seasonal farm worker assistance groups while they are in the job
stream, or housing assistance payments made through a state or local housing authority.
(2) Public assistance
provided to a third party on behalf of an assistance group that is not specifically
excluded from consideration as income under paragraph (B)(1) of this rule shall
be considered for exclusion under the emergency and special assistance category.
To be considered emergency or special assistance and excluded, the assistance must
be provided over and above the normal public assistance payment or cannot normally
be provided as part of such payment.
(3) Reimbursements
made in the form of vendor payments, monetary payments made on behalf of an assistance
group by a person or organization outside of the assistance group directly to either
the assistance group's creditors or to a person or organization providing a service
to the assistance group, are excluded on the same basis as reimbursements paid directly
to the assistance group in accordance with paragraph (E) of this rule.
(4) In-kind or vendor
payments that would normally be excluded as income but are converted in whole or
in part to a direct cash payment under a federally authorized demonstration project
or waiver shall be excluded from income.
(5) Rent or mortgage
payments made to landlords or mortgagees by the department of housing and urban
development (HUD) are excluded.
(6) Monies that are
legally obligated and otherwise payable to the assistance group, but which are diverted by the provider of the payment to a third
party for a household expense, shall be counted as income and not excluded. IfWhen a person or organization
makes a payment to a third party on behalf of an assistance group using funds that
are not owed to the assistance group, the payment shall be excluded from income.
(C) The county agency
shall exclude any income that is specifically excluded by any other federal statute
from consideration as income for the purpose of determining eligibility for the food assistance programSNAP.
The following is a listing of some of the incomes excluded by federal statute. The
listing is divided into general income exclusions and exclusions applicable to incomes
of American Indians or Alaska Natives.
(1) General exclusions
(a) Income of a supplemental
security income (SSI) recipient determined necessary for the fulfillment of a plan
for achieving self-support (PASS) whichthat has been approved under section 1612(b)(4)(A)(iii)
or 1612(b)(4)(B)(iv) of the Social Security Act of 1935. This income may be spent
in accordance with an approved PASS or deposited into a PASS savings account for
future use.
(b) Federal emergency
management assistance housing subsidies to pay for temporary housing required as
a result of a disaster and individual and family grant assistance payments made
under the Disaster Relief Act section 312(d) of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974,
as amended in 1988 by Pub. L. No. 100-707, (11/1988).
(c) Assistance provided
to children under the school lunch program, the summer food service program for
children, the commodity distribution program and child and adult care food program
(CACFP), Pub. L. No. 79-396, (06/1946), section 12(e) of the National School Lunch
Act of 1946, as amended by section 9(d) of Pub. L. No. 94-105, (10/1975).
(d) Assistance provided
to children under the special milk program, special supplemental food program for
women, infants, and children (WIC) and the school breakfast program, Pub. L. No.
89-642, (10/1966), the Child Nutrition Act of 1966, section 11(b).
(e) Reimbursements
from the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policy Act
of 1970, Pub. L. No. 91-646, section 216 (02/19712/1971).
(f) Pub. L. No. 93-113,
(10/1973), the Domestic Volunteer Services Act of 1973, Titles I and II. Payments
under Title I of the act (including such Title I programs as volunteers in service
to americorps (VISTA), university year for action, and urban crime prevention program)
to volunteers shall be excluded for those individuals receiving food assistanceSNAP or public
assistance at the time they joined the Title I program, except that assistance groups whichthat were receiving an income exclusion for a VISTA or other
Title I subsistence allowance at the time of conversion to the Food and Nutrition
Act shall continue to receive an income exclusion for VISTA for the length of their
volunteer contract in effect at the time of conversion.
Temporary interruptions in food assistanceSNAP participation shall not alter the exclusion once an
initial determination has been made. New applicants who were not receiving public
assistance or food assistanceSNAP at the time they joined VISTA shall have these volunteer
payments included as earned income. Any payment to volunteers under Title II (retired
senior volunteer program, foster grandparents, senior companion program and others)
are excluded from income.
(g) Payments received
under section 312(d), the Disaster Relief Act of 1974, Pub. L. No. 93-288, (05/19745/1974), as amended
by section 105(i), the Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Amendments of 1988,
Pub. L. No. 100-707, (11/1988). Payments precipitated by an emergency or major disaster
as defined in this act, as amended, are not counted as income for food assistance SNAP purposes.
This exclusion applies to federal assistance provided to persons directly affected
and to comparable disaster assistance provided by states, local governments, and
disaster assistance organizations. A "major disaster" is any natural catastrophe
such as a hurricane or drought, or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion,
whichthat the president
of the United States determines causes damage of sufficient severity and magnitude
to warrant major disaster assistance to supplement the efforts and available resources
of states, local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the
damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby. An "emergency" is
any occasion or instance for whichthat the president of the United States determines that
federal assistance is needed to supplant state and local efforts and capabilities
to save lives and to protect property and public health and safety, or to lessen
or avert the threat of a catastrophe. Most, but not all, federal emergency management
assistance funds are excluded. For example, some payments made to homeless people
to pay for rent, mortgage, food, and utility assistance when there is no major disaster
or emergency is not excluded under this provision.
(h) Payments to U.S.
citizens of Japanese ancestry and permanent resident Japanese aliens or their Survivors survivors and Aleut
Residents residents
of the Pribilof Islands islands
and the Aleutian Islands West islands west of Unimak Island island, Pub. L. No. 100-383, (08/19888/1988), section 105(f)(2), wartime relocation of civilians,
the Civil Liberties Act of 1988.
(i) Income received
(including reimbursements) by individuals participating in programs under the Workforce
Investment Act (WIA) of 1998, section 181 (a)(2), except as provided in rule 5101:4-4-19
of the Administrative Code. This includes disaster relief employment income received
from national emergency grants under the WIA, Pub. L. No. 105-220, (08/19988/1998) section 181(a)(2).
(j) Any amount by
which the basic pay of an individual is reduced and reverted to the treasury shall
not be considered to have been received by or to be within the control of such individual,
Pub. L. No. 99-576, (08/19868/1986) section 303(a)(1), Veteran's Benefits Improvement
and Health Care Authorization Act of 1986, whichthat amends section 1411(b) and 1412(c) of the Veteran's
Educational Act of 1984 - GI bill.
(k) Funds received
by persons fifty-five and older under the senior community service employment program
under Title V of the Older Americans Act of 1987 are excluded from income, Pub.
L. No. 109-365, (10/2006). The organizations that receive some Title V funds are
as follows: experience works; national council on aging; national council of senior
citizens; American association of retired persons; United States forest service;
national association for Spanish speaking elderly; national urban league; and the
national council on black aging.
(l) Cash donations
based on need received on or after February 1, 1988 from one or more private nonprofit
charitable organizations, but not to exceed three hundred dollars in a federal fiscal
year quarter. Charitable Assistance and Food Bank Act of 1987, Pub. L. No. 100-232,
(01/19881/1988).
(m) Food assistanceSNAP benefits
that may be exchanged for food at farmers' markets under WIC demonstration projects,
Pub. L. No. 100-435, (09/19889/1988) section 501, whichthat amended section 17(m)(7) of the Child Nutrition Act
of 1966.
(n) Payments made from
the Agent Orange settlement fund, Pub. L. No. 101-201, (12/1989), or any other fund
established pursuant to the settlement in the Agent Orange product liability litigation,
M.D.L. No. 381 (E.D.N.Y.)(01/19891/1989) whichthat are received on or after January 1, 1989. The disabled
veteran will receive yearly payments. Survivors of deceased disabled veterans will
receive a lump-sum payment. These payments were disbursed by aetna insurance company.
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989, Pub. L. No. 101-239, (12/1989), also
excludes these payments. Pub. L. No. 102-4, (02/19912/1991), Agent Orange Act of 1991, authorized veterans'
benefits to some veterans with service-connected disabilities resulting from exposure
to Agent Orange. These VA payments are not excluded by law.
(o) Payments made under
the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act, Pub. L. No. 101-426, (10/1990) section
6(h)(2), as amended by Pub. L. No. 106-245 (07/20007/2000).
(p) The Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act of 1990, Title XI revenue provisions, section 11111, modifications
of earned income tax credit, subsection (b) provides that any federal earned income
tax credit shall not be treated as income effective with taxable years beginning
after December 31, 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-508, (11/1990).
(q) Pub. L. No. 101-610,
(11/1990), National and Community Service Act (NCSA) of 1990, section 177(d), applies
to projects conducted under Title I of the NCSA. Title I includes three acts: (i)
Serve-America: the Community Service, Schools and Service-Learning Act of 1990,
(ii) the American Conservation and Youth Service Corps Act of 1990, and (iii) the
National and Community Service Act.
There are about forty-seven different NCSA programs, and they vary
by state. Most of the payments are made as a weekly stipend or for educational assistance.
The higher education service-learning program and the americorps umbrella program
come under this title. The national civilian community corps (NCCC) is a federally
managed americorps program. The summer for safety program is an americorps program; under which participants earn a stipend and a one thousand-dollar
postservice educational award. The Serve America Act, Pub. L. No. 111-13, (04/20094/2009), amended the
National and Community Services Act of 1990 but it did not change the exclusion.
All americorps payments shall be excluded.
(r) All student financial
assistance, including grants, scholarships, fellowships, educational loans on which
payment is deferred, work study, veterans' educational benefits, and the like, whichthat are awarded to an
assistance group member enrolled at a recognized institution of post-secondary education,
at a school for the handicapped, in a vocational education program, in a vocational
or technical school, or in a program that provides for obtaining a secondary school
diploma or the equivalent of a secondary school diploma shall be excluded from consideration
as income for food assistanceSNAP purposes.
Educational income excluded for dependent care costs shall not be
deducted from income under the provisions of rule 5101:4-4-23 of the Administrative
Code. Dependent care costs incurred whichthat exceed the amount excluded under the provisions of
this paragraph shall be deducted from income in accordance with rule 5101:4-4-23
of the Administrative Code.
(s) Payments made
under the youthbuild program under the Housing and Community Development Act of
1992, Pub. L. No. 102-550, (10/1992). The youthbuild program transferred from the
United States department of housing and urban development to the department of labor
with the passage of the Youthbuild Transfer Act of 2006, Pub. L. No. 109-281, (09/20069/2006), whichthat amended the Workforce Investment ActWorkforce
Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIAWIOA) of 1998. These payments are to be treated like WIAWIOA payments in accordance
with paragraph (C)(1)(i) of this rule, except as provided in rule 5101:4-4-19 of
the Administrative Code.
(t) Payments from
any child care provided or arranged (or any amount received as payment for such
care or reimbursement for costs incurred for such care), Pub. L. No. 102-586, (11/1992)
section 8, whichthat
amended the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act Amendments of 1992 by adding
section 658S.
(u) Payments made to
individuals because of their status as victims of Nazi persecution, Pub. L. No.
103-286, (08/19948/1994).
(v) Pub. L. No. 103-322,
(09/19949/1994) section
230202, amended section 1403 of the Crime Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C. 10602) to provide
in part that, "(e) Notwithstanding any other law, ifwhen the compensation paid by an eligible crime victim compensation
program would cover costs that a federal program, or a federally financed state
or local program, would otherwise pay, (i) such crime victim compensation program
shall not pay that compensation; and (ii) the other program shall make its payments
without regard to the existence of the crime victim compensation program."
Based on this language, payments received under this program mustshall be excluded from
income for food assistanceSNAP
purposes.
(w) Notwithstanding
any other provision of law, the allowance paid under Pub. L. No.104-204, (09/19969/1996) section 1805(d),
as amended by Pub. L. No. 106-419, (11/2000), to a child of a Vietnam veteran for
any disability resulting from spina bifida and certain other birth defects suffered
by such child. A monthly allowance from two hundred to one thousand two hundred
dollars is paid to a child under this public law.
(x) Combat-related pay received by a service member of the United States
armed forces (under the Consolidated Appropriations Bill, 2008, Pub. L. No. 110-161,
(12/2007)) and basic military pay not made available to the assistance group while
the service member is on deployment to a designated combat zone. Additional pay received by military personnel as a result of deployment
to a combat zone (under the Consolidated Appropriations Bill, 2008, Pub. L. No.
110-161, (12/2007). The additional combat pay shall be determined as follows:
(i) Pay is considered combat-related when:
(a) Received in addition
to the service member's basic pay;
(b) Received as a result
of the service member's deployment to, or service in an area designated as a combat
zone as determined pursuant to executive order or public law; and
(c) Not received by the
service member prior to the service member's deployment to or service in a federally-designated
combat zone.
(ii) Basic military pay is considered available
to the assistance group as follows:
(a) When the service member
was part of the assistance group for SNAP purposes prior to the deployment to a
designated combat zone, this amount would be his or her net military pay.
(b) When the service member
was not part of the assistance group for SNAP purposes prior to the deployment to
a designated combat zone, this amount is the amount the absent service member actually
made available to the assistance group prior to deployment to the designated combat
zone.
(i) Establish what amount for food assistance
purposes of the military person's pay that was actually available to the assistance
group prior to the deployment of the military person to a designated combat zone.
(a) If the military person
was part of the assistance group for food assistance purposes prior to the deployment,
this amount would be his or her net military pay.
(b) If the military person
was not part of the assistance group for food assistance purposes prior to the military
person's deployment to a designated combat zone, this amount is the amount the absent
military person actually made available to the assistance group prior to deployment
to the designated combat zone.
(ii) Determine the amount of military pay that
the absent member deployed in a designated combat zone is making available to his
or her family.
(iii) If the amount of military pay that the absent
member deployed in a designated combat zone is making available is equal to or less
than the amount the assistance group was receiving from the military person prior
to deployment to a designated combat zone, all of the military pay would be counted
as income to the assistance group for food assistance purposes. Any portion of the
amount that exceeds the amount the assistance group was receiving prior to deployment
of the military person to a designated combat zone shall be excluded when determining
the assistance group's income for food assistance purposes.
(y) Disaster unemployment
assistance provided under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance
Act, Pub. L. No. 100-707, (11/1988), to individuals unemployed as a result of a
major disaster.
(z) Filipino veterans
equity compensation funds payments under the American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act of 2009 (02/20092/2009,
Pub. L. No. 111-5) made to certain veterans, or surviving spouses of veterans, who
served in the military of the government of the commonwealth of the Philippines
during World War II.
(aa) Any aid, services,
or incentives provided to an eligible beneficiary participating in programs funded
by the health profession opportunity grants (HPOG) under the Patient Protection
and Affordable Care Act of 2010, Pub. L. No. 111-148, (03/20103/2010).
(2) Payments made to
American Indians or Alaska Nativesnatives that are excluded by law. A list of funds provided
to American Indians or Alaska Natives natives that are excluded by law can be found at:
http://www.fns.usda.gov/fdd/programs/fdpir/Excluded_Native_American_Funds_2011.pdfhttps://www.fns.usda.gov/funds-provided-american-indiansalaska-natives-are-excluded-law
(D) All loans, including
loans from private individuals as well as commercial institutions, are excluded
as income. Educational loans on which repayment is deferred shall be excluded pursuant
to the provisions in paragraph (C)(1)(r) of this rule.
(E) Reimbursements
for past or future expenses are excluded to the extent they do not exceed actual
expenses and do not represent a gain or benefit to the assistance group. No portion
of benefits provided under Title IV-A of the Social Security Act of 1935, to the
extent such benefits are attributed to adjustment for work-related or child care
expenses shall be considered excludable under this paragraph.
(1) When a reimbursement,
including a flat allowance, covers multiple expenses, each expense does not have
to be separately identified as long as none of the reimbursement covers normal living
expenses. Reimbursements for normal living expenses of the assistance group, such
as rent or mortgage, personal clothing, or food eaten at home, are a gain or benefit
and therefore are not excluded. To be excluded, these payments must be provided
specifically for an identified expense, other than normal living expenses, and used
for the purpose intended.
(2) The amount by which
a reimbursement exceeds the actual incurred expense shall be counted as income.
However, reimbursements shall not be considered to exceed the actual expenses, unless
the provider or the assistance group indicates the amount is excessive.
(F) Monies received
and used for the care and maintenance of a third-party beneficiary who is not an
assistance group member. IfWhen the intended beneficiaries of a single payment are
both assistance group and non-assistance group members, any identifiable portion
of the payment intended and used for the care and maintenance of the non-assistance
group member shall be excluded. IfWhen the non-assistance group member's portion cannot be
readily identified, the payment shall be evenly prorated among intended beneficiaries
and the exclusion applied to the non-assistance group member's pro rata share or
the amount actually used for the non-assistance group member's care and maintenance,
whichever is less.
(G) The earned income
of any assistance group members who live with a natural, adoptive, or stepparent,
or under the parental control of an assistance group member other than a parent,
who are elementary or secondary school students, and who are seventeen years of
age or younger. For purposes of this provision, an "elementary or secondary
school student" is someone who attends classes to obtain a general equivalency
diploma (GED) that are recognized, operated, or supervised by the student's state
or local school district. The provision also applies to a student who attends elementary
or secondary classes through a home-school program recognized or supervised by the
student's state or local school district. This income is excluded even during temporary
interruptions in school attendance due to semester or vacation breaks, provided
the child's enrollment will resume following the break. IfWhen the child's earnings or the amount of work performed
cannot be differentiated from that of other assistance group members, the total
earnings shall be prorated equally among the working members and the child's pro
rata share excluded. Individuals are considered children for this exclusion ifwhen they are under the
parental control of another assistance group member. IfWhen an assistance group contains a student whose income
is excluded and the student turns eighteen during the month of application, the
student's earnings shall be excluded in the month of application and counted in
the following month(s). IfWhen
the student turns eighteen during the certification period, the student's income
shall be excluded until the month following the month in
which the student turns eighteen.
(H) Money received
in the form of a nonrecurring lump-sum payment, including, but not limited to, income
tax refunds, rebates, or credits; retroactive lump-sum social security, SSI, public
assistance, railroad retirement pension, the learning, earning and parenting (LEAP)
program enrollment bonus payment, or other payment; retroactive lump-sum insurance
settlements; refunds of security deposits on rental property or utilities; medical
loss ratio rebates afforded under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
of 2010, Pub. L. No. 111-148 (03/20103/2010); or prevention, retention and contingency (PRC)
payments made to divert an assistance group from becoming dependent on cash assistance
ifwhen the payment is
not defined as assistance. Temporary assistance for needy families (TANF) non-recurrent,
short term benefits are defined in 45 CFR C.F.R. 260.31(b)(1) (revised October 1, 2001). These payments
shall be counted as resources in the month received, unless specifically excluded
from consideration as a resource by other federal laws.
(I) Miscellaneous
income exclusions.
(1) Irregular income
Any income in the certification period that is acquired too infrequently
or irregularly to be reasonably anticipated, but not in excess of thirty dollars
in a quarter.
(2) Costs of self-employment
The cost of producing self-employment income. See rule 5101:4-6-11
of the Administrative Code for the procedures on computing the cost of producing
self-employment income.
(3) Income from ineligible
assistance group members
The prorated share of earned or unearned income of an ineligible
assistance group member in accordance with rule 5101:4-6-13 of the Administrative
Code.
(4) Energy assistance,
as follows:
(a) Any payments or
allowances made for the purpose of providing energy assistance under any federal
law other than part A of Title IV of the Social Security Act of 1935 (42 U.S.C.
601), including utility reimbursements made by HUD and the rural housing service,
or
(b) A one-time payment
or allowance applied for on an as-needed basis and made under a federal or state
law for the costs of weatherization or emergency repair or replacement of an unsafe
or inoperative furnace or other heating or cooling device. A down payment followed
by a final payment upon completion of the work will be considered a one-time payment
for purposes of this provision.
(5) Blood and blood
plasma sales
Any income whichthat is acquired from the sale of blood or blood plasma.
(6) Garage sales
Any income whichthat is acquired from garage sales.
(7) Interest income
Any interest income from savings or other financial accounts.
(8) Bingo winnings
Any income from bingo winnings.
(J) Certain payments
from the child and adult care food program
That portion of payments from the child and adult care food program
to assistance groups providing child care services intended for the provider's own
children's meals. See paragraph (B)(2) of rule 5101:4-4-19 of the Administrative
Code for treatment of that portion of child and adult care food program payments
intended for providing services to children other than the provider's own.
(K) Payments whichthat are not considered
income.
(1) Monies withheld
from an assistance payment, earned income, or other income source, or monies received
from any income source whichthat are voluntarily or involuntarily returned to repay
a prior overpayment received from the income source, provided that the overpayment
is not otherwise excluded. However, monies withheld from assistance from a federal,
state, or local means-tested program (for example, Ohio works first (OWF) or DFA) due to the assistance group's failure to perform
an action required under these programs, shall be included as income in accordance
with rule 5101:4-6-16 of the Administrative Code.
(2) Child support payments
received by OWF recipients whichthat must be transferred to the agency administering Title
IV-D of the Social Security Act of 1935 to maintain OWF eligibility.
(3) Governmental or
court-ordered foster care payments received by assistance groups with foster care
individuals who are considered to be boarders.
Effective: 9/1/2018
Five Year Review (FYR) Dates: 4/25/2018 and 09/01/2023
Certification: CERTIFIED ELECTRONICALLY
Date: 08/01/2018
Promulgated Under: 111.15
Statutory Authority: 5101.54
Rule Amplifies: 329.04, 329.042, 5101.54
Prior Effective Dates: 06/02/1980, 12/01/1980, 01/01/1981,
06/18/1981, 10/01/1981, 02/12/1982, 09/27/1982, 06/17/1983, 07/01/1983 (Temp.),
08/19/1983, 09/24/1983, 11/01/1983 (Temp.), 12/22/1983 (Temp.), 12/25/1983
(Temp.), 02/01/1984 (Temp.), 02/16/1984 (Temp.), 04/01/1984, 08/01/1984
(Emer.), 10/20/1984, 12/31/1984 (Emer.), 02/22/1985 (Emer.), 04/01/1985,
05/02/1985, 05/03/1985 (Emer.), 08/01/1985, 08/16/1985 (Emer.), 09/23/1985
(Emer.), 11/01/1985 (Emer.), 01/01/1986, 05/01/1986, 08/01/1986 (Emer.),
08/20/1986 (Emer.), 10/01/1986 (Emer.), 11/15/1986, 04/10/1987 (Emer.),
06/22/1987, 07/01/1987 (Emer.), 08/01/1987 (Emer.), 09/01/1987 (Emer.), 10/25/1987,
10/29/1987 (Emer.), 11/28/1987, 01/22/1988, 03/24/1988 (Emer.), 06/18/1988,
07/20/1988 (Emer.), 10/16/1988, 07/11/1989 (Emer.), 09/17/1989, 10/01/1989
(Emer.), 12/21/1989, 05/25/1990, 10/01/1990, 02/17/1991, 05/01/1991 (Emer.),
06/01/1991, 10/01/1991, 02/03/1992, 08/01/1992 (Emer.), 10/30/1992, 08/01/1993,
02/01/1994, 09/01/1994, 01/01/1995, 08/01/1995, 08/01/1995 (Emer.), 10/13/1995,
02/01/1996, 09/22/1996 (Emer.), 11/22/1996, 12/21/1996, 04/01/1997 (Emer.),
06/06/1997, 09/01/1997, 02/01/1998 (Emer.), 02/23/1998, 09/28/1998, 07/15/1999,
10/01/1999 (Emer.), 12/16/1999, 06/01/2001, 12/05/2002, 06/01/2003 (Emer.),
06/16/2003, 07/17/2005, 06/12/2008, 10/01/2008 (Emer.), 12/18/2008, 09/01/2010,
09/01/2013